SRI KRISHNADEVARAYA UNIVERSITY, ANANTAPUR
DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL WORK
M.A. Rural Development . Course Structure
I SEMESTER MARKS
1. Rural Development Concepts and Dimensions 100
2. Indian Rural Economic Scene 100
3. Indian Rural Social Scene 100
4. Computer Applications for Rural Development 100
II SEMESTER
5. Economics for Rural Development 100
6. Rural Industrialization and Entrepreneurship 100
7. Rural Development Institutions and Strategies 100
8. Working with People: Techniques and Processes 100
Field Work, Project Report and Viva 100
III SEMESTER
9. Natural Resources Management: Land 100
10. Natural Resources Management: Water 100
11. Environmental Economics and Forestry 100
12. Human Resources Development and Management in Rural Sector 100
IV SEMESTER
13. Micro Finance, Self-Help and Women Empowerment 100
14. Rural Project Planning and Management 100
15. Rural Markets in India 100
16. Non-Governmental Organizations and Rural Development 100
Field Work, Project Report and Viva 100
M.A. Rural Development: I Semester
PAPER I - RURAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS AND DIMENSIONS
UNIT - 1
Concepts of Rural Area and Rural Development . Definition and Scope of Rural
Development . Causes of Rural Backwardness . Need for Rural Development
Historical Evolution of the Concept of Rural Development in the Indian Context: Rural
Reconstruction . Community Development . Sectoral Development . Area Development
. Target Group Development . Poverty Alleviation . Integrated Rural Development .
Holistic Development . Sustainable Development . Participatory Development
UNIT . 2
Population Growth in India . Analysis of Trends and Changes in the Composition of
Rural Population and Rural Work Force . Problems of Unemployment and
Underemployment in Rural Areas . Conditions and Problems of Rural Labour.
Levels of Living of Rural People . Concept of Poverty . Poverty Indicators .
Measurement of Rural Poverty - Poverty Line . Integrated Rural Poverty . Poverty
Reduction . Millennium Development Goals
UNIT . 3
Education in Rural Areas: Literacy Rates . Educational Institutions - Formal and Nonformal
Education: Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects.
Rural Health: Health Services in Rural Areas . Structure . Accessibility . Maternal and
Child Health . Nutrition . ICDS . Eradication of Contagious Diseases . Issues in
Community Health . AIDS Control Programme . National Health Policy of India.
UNIT . 4
Housing in Rural Areas: Problems . Rural Housing Programmes . Low Cost Housing .
Appropriate Technologies in Rural Housing
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation: Sources of Drinking Water . Problems .
Programmes to Solve Drinking Water Problems . Problems of Sanitation in Rural Areas
. Rural Sanitation Programmes
BOOKS & REFERENCES:
Vasant Desai A Study of Rural Economy
Jain S.C. Rural Development
Das Kumar.B Rural Development through Decentralization
Venkata Reddy. K Rural Development in India - Poverty and Development
Khanna B.S. Rural Development in South Asia: Policies, Programmes and
Organizations
Robert Chambers Rural Development - Putting the Last First
Desai A.R Introduction to Rural Sociology
Gillin and Gillin Cultural Sociology
Rajasekhar D (Ed) Prof G Parthasarathi.s Writings on Indian Rural Economy in Transition
M.A. Rural Development: I Semester
PAPER II - INDIAN RURAL ECONOMIC SCENE
UNIT . 1
Economic Structure of Rural India: Rural Occupations and Income Sources . Rural
Household Asset Positions . Rising Rural-Urban Income gaps . Emerging Trends in
Rural Expenditure Pattern
Agriculture in Three Worlds . Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of India -
Agricultural Development under the Plans . National Agricultural Policy . Implications
of Globalization for Indian Agriculture . Governance Reforms for Better Policy
Implementation in Agriculture
UNIT . 2
Organizational Aspects of Agriculture: Farm size and Productivity . Farm Managerial
Functions - Land Reforms - Green revolution - Cropping pattern - Crop Insurance
Performance of Agriculture: Diversity and Uncertainties .Confronting Challenges .
Agrarian Crisis and Farmers. Suicides . National Commission on Farmers . Adaptation
to and Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture . Role of Bio-technology in
Agriculture . Dry Land Farming Technologies
UNIT . 3
Alternative Occupations in Rural Areas: Dairying . Poultry . Fishery . Horticulture .
Sheep Rearing . Mixed Farming Systems . Managing Intensive Livestock Systems
Rural Non-Farm Sector . ISB Sectors . Rising Rural Non-farm Employment . Wage and
Earnings in Rural Labor Market . Implications of Rural Labour Migration
UNIT . 4
Conventional and Non-conventional Sources of Rural Energy . Significance of Biogas,
Solar and Wind energy systems . Role of Tata Energy Research Institute in promoting
Non-conventional Energy
Planning for Rural development . Allocation for Rural Development under Plans .
Multi-Level Planning . Organization for Planning: Centre, State, District and Block
Level Planning . Significance of Micro Level Planning for Rural Development
BOOKS AND REFERENCES
Venkata Reddy. K Agriculture & Rural Development (A Gandhian Perspective)
Datta and Sundaram Indian Economy
Shah C.H. (ed) Agricultural Development of India - Policy and Problems
N.I.R.D Facets of Rural Development
Katar Singh Rural Development Policies
Pramit Chowdary Indian Economy
Hanumappa H.G. Socio-Economic Inventory for Block Level Planning
Gunnar Myrdal Asian Drama
Vakil C.N. Poverty & Planning
Dandekar & Rath Poverty in India
Sreenivas M.N. Indian Villages
Robert Chambers Rural Development
Vasant Desai. Rural Development
Dantwala M.L. Indian Agriculture since Independence
Dandekar V.M. Selected Writings
World Bank World Development Report . 2008
GOI Reports of the National Commission on Farmers
M.A. Rural Development: I Semester
PAPER III - INDIAN RURAL SOCIAL SCENE
UNIT . 1
Definition and Characteristics of Village Communities - Types of Settlement Patterns
Individual and Society . Role of Heredity and Environment in shaping Human Behaviour
. Socialization . Social Control
UNIT . 2
Rural Social Structure - Important Rural Social Institutions: Family . Marriage .Religion
. Caste System . Caste and Economic Inequalities.
Rural Social Problems: Untouchability . Juvenile Delinquency . Problems of the
Disabled . Beggary . Prostitution . Child Labour . Problems of the Aged . Bonded
Labour . HIV/AIDS Affected Families
UNIT . 3
Concept of Social Change . Theories and Factors of Social Change: Cyclical Theories .
Linear Theories . Conflict Theories
Social Change in India: Sanskritization . Westernization . Modernization
UNIT . 4
Innovation . Diffusion of Innovation . Resistance to Change . Socio-cultural Barriers for
Rural Development
Rural Leadership: Concept, Characteristics and Types of Village Leaders . Emerging
Patterns of Rural Leadership . Role of Leadership in Social Change
BOOKS & REFERENCES
Wilbert E. Moore Social Change
Sreenivas M.N. Social Change in Modern India
Sreenivas M.N. Caste in Modern India
Sreenivas M.N.,S.Seshaiah & Dimensions of Social Change in India
V.S.Parthasarathi
Gore M.S. Social Development
Desai A.R. Rural Sociology
Chitambar Rural Sociology
Maclver and Page Society
Mehta Sociology of Rural Development
Deb P.C. Rural Sociology
Sharma and Malhotra Integrated Rural Development
Hutton Caste in India
Scarlet Epstein South India: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
Hanumappa H.G. Survival Strategies in Rural Areas
David G Mandelbaum Society in India
Haralam Bos Sociology: Themes and Perspectives
M.A. Rural Development: I Semester
PAPER IV - COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT
UNIT . 1
Social Science Research: Formulation of Hypothesis . Research Design . Census Vs
Sample Survey . Types of Sampling: Stratified Sampling . Multistage Sampling .
Purposive Sampling . Systematic Sampling . Case Study
UNIT . 2
Tools of Data Collection: Questionnaire . Schedule . Interview . Observation .
Processing of Data: Coding
Presentation of Data: Graphical Methods: Histogram . Pie Chart . Bar Diagrams
(Simple, Multiple and Sub-divided)
UNIT . 3
Numerical Methods of Quantitative Data Analysis: Mean . Median . Mode - Standard
Deviation . Correlation . Regression . Chi-Square Test
Interpretation of Data . Drawing Inferences and Conclusions. Generalizations . Report
Writing
UNIT . 4
Computer Applications for Rural Development: Land Records . Human Resources
Records . Remote Sensing . Rural Marketing . Globalization
Operating Microsoft Office: MS Word . Excel . Power Point . Operating SPSS:
Application of Statistical Tools and Techniques
BOOKS AND REFERENCES
Gupta C.B. An Introduction to Statistical Methods
Moser Survey Research in Social Investigation
Simson and Kefka Basic Statistics
Babbie Survey Research
Das Gupta Village Studies in the Third World
Goode & Hatt Social Research Methods
Mason and Lind Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics
Microsoft Manuals on Microsoft Office
SPSS Manuals on SPSS
M.A. Rural Development: II Semester
PAPER V . ECONOMICS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT
UNIT .1
Introduction to Economics: Demand, Law of Demand, Demand Curve . Supply, Law of
Supply, Supply Curve . Price Determination, Demand and Supply Intersection . Welfare
Economics, Concept, Meaning . Welfare Economics and Rural Development . Scope of
Rural Economics
Production Theory: Production Function, Cost Minimization, Least Cost Production,
Changes in Costs and Outputs . Input-Output Relationship . Output-Output Relationship
. Input-Input Relationship . Cobb-Douglas Production Function . Linier Programming:
Underlying Principles, Assumptions, Linier Programming Technique
UNIT . 2
Law of Variable Proportions: Concept, Meaning, Assumptions, Model of Variable
Proportions, Applicability of the Model in Agriculture, Rural Areas and Rural
Livelihoods.
Elements of Farm Management: Steps in Farm Planning, Resource Assessment, Target
Fixation, Strategies in Farm Planning . Risk and Uncertainty in Agriculture, Concept,
Meaning, Natural Risks and Uncertainties, Manmade Risks and Uncertainties, Impact of
Risk and Uncertainty in Dry Land Agriculture, Suicides, Poverty . Measures to Meet the
Problem, Agricultural Practices, Crop and Cattle Insurance, Minimum Support Prices
UNIT . 3
Capital Formation: Meaning, Process, Conditions, Vicious Circle . Problems in Capital
Formation in Rural Areas, Solutions for Enhancing Capital Formation in Rural Areas.
Capital Formation in Agriculture and Rural Development, Difference between Industrial
Capital and Rural Capital, Rural Community Capital and Household Capital
Models of Agricultural and Economic Development:
Rostow . The Traditional Society, The Pre-Conditions to Takeoff, The Take off, The
Drive to Maturity and The Age of High Mass Consumption, Critique
Mellor . The Traditional Agriculture, Technologically Dynamic Agriculture (low capital
formation), The Technologically Dynamic Agriculture (high capital formation), Critique
Lewis . Capitalist Sector, Subsistence Sector, Assumptions, Development and Capitalist
Surplus, Bottlenecks, End of Growth Process, Critique
Ranis-Fie . Assumptions, Stages of Development, Critique
UNIT . 4
Food Security . Concept, Dimensions (Production, Distribution and Purchasing Power);
Food Subsidies . Input Subsidies, Marketing Subsidies and Distribution Subsidies .
Agricultural Subsidies . Input Subsidies, Marketing Subsidies and Distribution Subsidies
New Economic Policies (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) . Meaning,
Impact of LPG on Agriculture and Rural Development
BOOKS AND REFERENCES
Jhingan The Economics of Development and Planning
Samuelson Economics
David Metcalf The Economics of Agriculture
Singh I.J. Elements of Farm Management Economics
Sharma A.V.& V.K.Sharma Elements of Farm Management
GOI National Five-Year Plans
Dutta and Sundaram Indian Economy
Mellor J W The Economics of Agriculture
Sen A K Resources, Values and Development
M.A. Rural Development: II Semester
PAPER VI - RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
UNIT - 1
Concept of Rural Industrialization - Importance of Rural Industrialization for Rural
Development . Gandhain Approach to Rural Industrialization . Appropriate Technology
for Rural Industries
Concept, Characteristics and Types of Entrepreneurship . Entrepreneurship and Rural
Industrialization . Problems and Prospects of Rural Entrepreneurship in India . Problems
and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship
UNIT - 2
Policies and Programmes for the Development of Rural Industries . Industrial Policy
Resolutions . Five Year Plans
Rural Industrial Sectors: Small Scale, Handloom, Agro-based Industries, Rural Artisans,
Handicrafts and Sericulture . Khadi and Village Industries Sector
UNIT . 3
Problems of Marketing, Marketing Strategy and Information systems for Rural
Industries: Consortium Approach . Exhibitions . Agri-business Management
Field Level Organizations - District Industries Centre (DIC), National Institute for Small
Industries Extension and Training (NISIET) . Small Industry Development Organization
(SIDO), Small Industries Service Institutes, Consultancy Organizations, Financial
Organizations - Regional Rural Banks and State Finance Corporations
UNIT . 4
Growth Centre Strategy: Advantages of the Strategy, Operational Difficulties . Rural
Industries and Industrial Estates
Globalization and Rural Industrial Promotion: Imports and Exports, Strategies, Policies
Implications
BOOKS AND REFERENCES
Battacharya S.N Rural Industrialization in India
Bepion Behari Rural Industrialization in India
Rao R.V. Rural Industrialization in India
Bagli V. Khadi and Village Industries in the Indian Economy
Kripalani J.B. Gandhian Thought
Vasant Desai Organization and Management of Small Scale Industries
Sundaram J.B. Rural Industrial Development
K.V.I.C. Khadi and Village Industries - The Gandhian Approach
Vasant Desai Problems and Prospects of Small Scale Industries in India
Mehan K K Small Industry Entrepreneurs Handbook
M.A. Rural Development: II Semester
PAPER VII - RURAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS AND STRATEGIES
UNIT . 1
Panchayat Raj Institutions: Evolution . Structure . Functions - 73rd Constitutional
Amendment Act . Devolution of Powers and Functions to PRIs . Role of PRIs in Rural
Development
Cooperative Institutions: Concept and Principles of Cooperation . Types of Rural
Cooperatives and their Functioning: Credit Cooperatives . Marketing Cooperatives .
Dairy Cooperatives . Sugar Cooperatives . Weavers Cooperatives
UNIT . 2
Interface between Government and Non Governmental Organiations . Institutional
Linkages for Rural Development . Need for Readjustment of Rural Development
Strategies . Right to Information Act and Rural Development
Community Based Organizations: Watershed Committees . Village Forest Committees .
Water Users Associations . Integration of CBOs with PRIs . Role of CBOs in
Sustainable Rural Development
UNIT . 3
Experiments in Rural Development before Independence: Sriniketan . Martandam .
Sevagram .Baroda . Firka Development Scheme .Nilokheri . Etawa Pilot Project.
Approaches to Rural Development in India: Broad Front Approach . Sectoral Approach
. Participatory Approach .Area Approach .Target Group Approach . Integrated
Approach . Gandhian Approach and its Current Relevance
UNIT . 4
Rural Development Programmes: Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarojgar Yojana . Jawahar
Gram Samruddhi Yojana . National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme .
National Food Security Scheme . Rural Infrastructure: Bharat Nirman . Role of
Corporate Sector in the development of Rural Infrastructure . Andhra Pradesh Rural
Poverty Reduction Project
Technology Missions for Rural Development: Immunization . Drinking Water .
Sanitation . Communication . Oilseeds . Wasteland Development
BOOKS AND REFERENCECS:
N.I.R.D. Rural Development in India - Some Facets
Vasant Desai A Study of Rural Economy
Nanavati & Anjalia The Indian Rural Problems
Sharma & Malhotra Integrated Rural Development
Misra & Sharma Problems and Prospects of Rural Development
Venkata Reddy K Rural Development in India . Poverty and Development
Lakshman & Narayan Rural Development in India
Dantwala Indian Agriculture since Independence
Mamoria & Tripathi Agricultural problems of India
Pandey P.C. Rural Development in India
Chenna Reddy D .Cooperative Milk Societies in Anantapur., TNJC, August 1981.
M.A. Rural Development: II Semester
PAPER VIII- WORKING WITH RURAL PEOPLE: TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES
UNIT . 1
Communication - Importance - Elements of Communication . Communication Skills .
Problems and Barriers in Communication . Communication Skills for Development
Functionaries
Motivation: Concept and Process . Types of Motivation . Steps in Motivation .
Techniques of Motivation . Motives and Incentives
UNIT . 2
Working with Individuals: Case Work . Definition, Principles, Process and Components
. Tools of Case work . Counseling in Case work
Working with Groups: Group Work . Definition, Principles, Process and Group
Dynamics . Evaluation of Groups . Application of Group Work
UNIT - 3
Participatory Approaches for Learning: Rapid Rural Appraisal . Participatory Rural
Appraisal . Participatory Action Research . Principles, Dangers and Drawbacks of
Participatory Approaches
Application of PRA in rural settings . Tools of PRA: Wealth Ranking . Timeline .
Transect . Seasonality . Social Mapping . Resource Mapping . Venn diagram . Focus
Group Discussion
UNIT . 4
Working with Communities: Community Organization . Definition and Principles .
Models and Strategies of Community Organization: Locality Development Model .
Social Planning Model . Social Action Model . Methods of Community Organization
Capacity Building of Rural People: Leadership Building . Concept and Principles .
Methods for Capacity Building of Communities . Improved access to Government
Programmes/ Benefits
BOOKS AND REFERENCES:
Battacharya S.N. Community Development in Developing Countries
Regems Adoption of Innovations
Paul Choudary Methods of Social Work
Robert Chambers Challenging the Professions
Spicer Russel E.E. Human Problems in Technological Change
Ross N.G. Community Organization
Beck R C Motivation: Theories and Principles
Mukherjee N Participatory Rural Appraisal . Methodology and Applications
McConnel J W Understanding Human Behaviour
Somesh Kumar Methods for Community Participation . A Complete Guide
for Practitioners
Srinivas R. M. and Communication for Development in Third World . Theory
H. Leslie Steeves and Practice for Empowerment (second edition)
M.A. Rural Development: III Semester
PAPER IX . NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: LAND
UNIT -1
Definition of Soils . Types and Characteristics of Soils . Carrying Capacity of Soils .
Land Use Pattern . Changes in Land Use Pattern . Factors Influencing Changes in Land
Use Pattern
Bleeding Lands: Exploitation . Soil Erosion . Desertification . Degradation: Soil
Salinity, Alkalinity and Pollution
UNIT .2
Indigenous Knowledge Systems for Management of Land Resources: Bunding .
Moisture Retention . Soil Fertility Management . Cropping Pattern
Effects of Modern Agricultural Practices on Land and Environment . Soil Fertility and
Nutrient Management . Integrated Pest Management . Non-pesticide Management
UNIT . 3
Management of Land Resources . Soil conservation: Concept, Methods and Practices .
Watershed Development Programme: Scope, Objectives, Activities, Practices,
Stakeholder Participation and Impact . Application of Geographic Information System
for Management of Land Resources
Earth Summit 1992 . Salient Features . Government Initiatives . Concept and
Significance of Bio-Diversity . Bio-Diversity Zones in India - Restoration of Ecological
Balance
UNIT . 4
Common Property Resources and Livelihoods of Poor . Problems of CPRs -
Management Strategies for Sustainable Use of CPRs
Integrated approach to planning and management of land resources . Organic Farming .
Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Land Management: Designing, Measuring and
Communicating to the people
BOOKS AND REFERENCES
David Pearce Economics of Natural Resources
Jyothi Prakash & Reddy S Sustainable Regeneration of Degraded Lands
Roland Bunes Two Ears of Corn
Katar Singh Managing Common Pool Resources . Principles and Case
Studies
Robert Chambers Rural Development . Putting the Last First
Roy Cook Soil Conservation, Soil Management and World Views of
Conservation and Protection
IDRC and IUCN Assessing Rural Sustainability
Pandey D N Measures of Success fir Sustainable Forestry . Designing,
Measuring and Communicating the Criteria & Indicators for
SFM in South Asia (Mimeo)
Reddappa Reddy V .Watershed Development Projects for Drought Prone Areas.,
Moving Technology, Oct-Dec 1996
The Hindu Survey of Environment 1993 to 2006
The Hindu Survey of Agriculture 1993 to 2006
M.A. Rural Development: III Semester
PAPER X . NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: WATER
UNIT . 1
Supply of Water: Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects . Water use and the Development
of Demand . Challenges . Governance Issues in Water Sector . Sustainable Use of
Water for Irrigation in Indian Agriculture . National Water Policy
Surface Water and Ground Water Resources: Potential and Utilization . Problems in
Water Management: Depletion of Water Table . Water Logging . Soil Salinity and
Alkalinity in Irrigated Lands . Transmission Losses.
UNIT . 2
Types of Irrigation . Sources of Irrigation . Major, Medium and Minor Irrigation
Systems: Coverage and Ecological Implications . Challenges for Irrigation Development
in India . Irrigation Privatization
Water Conservation Technologies in Agriculture: Micro Irrigation Systems . Drip and
Sprinkler Irrigation . Comparative Economics in Relation to Conventional Methods .
Progress of Micro Irrigation in India: Issues and Constraints
UNIT - 3
Indigenous Knowledge Systems for Management of Water Resources .Traditional
Irrigation Institutions and their Role in the Management of Irrigation Systems . Decline
of TIIs . Relevance of TIIs in the Present Context
Tank Irrigation . Role and Importance in Drought Prone Regions . Problems in Tank
Irrigation Management . Decline in Collective Management of Tanks . Sustainable
Management of Tank Irrigation . Role of PRIs . JSYS in Karnataka . AP Community
Based Tank Management Project
UNIT . 4
Transfer of Irrigation Management to Farmers . Experiences in Asian Countries (India,
China and Sri Lanka) . Participatory Irrigation Management in India . Role of Water
Users Associations in Water Management in Agriculture
Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Water Management: Designing, Measuring and
Communicating to the People . CommunityManagement of Water Resources .
Principles of Integrated Water Resources Management
BOOKS AND REFERENCES:
Rao K.L. India.s Water Wealth
Patrick Mc Cully Silenced Rivers
Singh et.al Irrigation Systems in Decay . What the Farmers Can Do
Siva Mohan MVK and India: Irrigation Management Partnerships
Christopher A Scott
International Food Future Directions for Indian Irrigation . Research and
Policy Research Institute Policy Issues
Sivanappan Sprinkler Irrigation
Narayanamurthy A Evaluation of Drip Irrigation System in Maharashtra
Robert Chamber, N.C.Saxena To the Hands of the Poor: Water and Trees
and Tushaar Shah
Satish and Sundar Peoples Participation and Irrigation Management: Experiences,
Issues and Options
Norman Uphoff Improving International Irrigation Management with Farmers.
Participation: Getting the Process Right
Wilcocks W Lectures on Ancient Systems of Irrigation in Bengal and Its
Application to Modern Problems
Sreedhar G Tank Irrigation in Semi-Arid Zones
M.A. Rural Development: III Semester
PAPER XI . ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND FORESTRY
UNIT . 1
Interaction between Economy and Environment . Implications of Climate Change .
Nature and Scope of Environmental Economics . Interface between Economics and
Environmental Economics . Consumer.s Surplus . Shadow Pricing . Opportunity Costs
The Environmental Costs of Economic Growth . Evaluation of Environmental Benefits .
Environmental Problems in Developing Economies . Environmental Pollution . Carbon
Credit . India.s Environmental Policy
UNIT . 2
Environmental Monitoring and Impact Assessment: Biological Monitoring . Bioindicators
and Environmental Monitoring . Environmental Impact Assessment .
Methods of Environmental Protection: Moral persuasion . Prohibition and Regulation .
Fiscal Measures . Allocation of Property Rights . Pollution Permits . Methods of
Conservation: Waste Reduction . Recycling
Theories of Environmental Economics: Cost-Benefit Analysis Theory . Theory of
Natural Resource Use . Hotelling Model of Optimum Resource Use
UNIT . 3
Importance of Forestry . Interface between Forestry and Rural Development . Bleeding
Forests: Concept, Meaning, Factors Responsible for Bleeding Forests . Theory of
Prisoners. Dilemma - Significance of Bio-Diversity - Eco Tourism . Protection of Wild
Life
Ethno Forestry: Concept . Indigenous Knowledge Systems for the Management of Forest
Resources . Sustainable Forestry: Concept and Strategies . Social Forestry: Concept and
Models
UNIT . 4
Participatory Forest Management: Joint/ Community Forest Management Programme .
Scope, Objectives, Activities and Impact . Stakeholders. Participation . Soil and Water
Conservation Works . Silvicultural Practices . Protection of Forests . Collection,
Preservation, Storage, Grading and Marketing of Non-Timber Forest Produce . Role of
Girijan Development Corporation
Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management: Designing, Measuring and
communicating to the people
BOOKS AND REFERENCES
Karpagam M Environmental Economics (revised edition)
Sharma P.D. Ecology and Environment
Sandhya Venkatesan Environment, Development and the Gender Gap
Vandana Shiva Biodiversity: Social and Ecological Perspectives
Robert Chambers & Saxena To the Hands of the Poor
Cernea M M Putting the People First
Chaudhuri B and A K Maiti Forest and Forest Development in India
Henny L Gholz Agro-Forestry: Realities, Possibilities and Potentialities
Pandey D N Ethno Forestry . Local Knowledge for Sustainable Forestry and
Livelihood Security
Pandey D N Measures of Success fir Sustainable Forestry . Designing,
Measuring and Communicating the Criteria & Indicators for
SFM in South Asia (Mimeo)
Reddappa Reddy V& .NGOs and People.s Role in Joint Forest Management.,
Chenna Reddy D Kurukshetra, August 1998
Reddappa Reddy V .People.s Participation and Forest Management in India: Few
Emerging Issues., Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development,
January 2000
GOI Report of the National Commission on Agriculture . Forestry
(Part IX)
M.A. Rural Development: III Semester
PAPER XII - HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN
RURAL SECTOR
UNIT . 1
Human Resource Development: Concept . Need for HRD . Elements of HRD . HRD in
Rural Sector
Human Capital Formation: Importance . Efforts and Achievements in Investment for
raising Nutritional and Educational Standards . Significance of Capacity Building for
Rural Development
UNIT . 2
Dimensions of HRD for Rural Development: Health . Nutrition . Education . Skill
Development . Importance of HRD in Agriculture and Allied Activities, Rural Industries
and Rural Service Sector
Human Development Index . Concept . Importance . Components . Measurement .
Construction of Human Development Index at the State and District level: Factors
Influencing HDI
UNIT . 3
Strategies for Manpower Planning for Rural Development: Agriculture and Allied
Activities. Rural Industries . Business and Service Sectors
Training for HRD for Rural Development - Institutional Arrangements for the Promotion
of HRD . F.T.C. . K.V.K . GOs and NGDOs (CAPART, NIRD and KVIC) -
Educational Programmes for Promoting HRD: Vocational Education . Non-Formal
Education . Functional Literacy . National Literacy Mission (Total Literacy Campaign,
Jana Sikshana Nilayams, Zilla Saksharatha Samithis)
UNIT . 4
Human Resources Management: Definition, Scope and Components . Principles and
Functions . Management and Administration . Universality of Management concepts
and principles
Human Resource Management in Rural Institutions: Cooperatives . PRIs . NGOs .
CBOs
BOOKS AND REFERENCES:
Mehta, M.R. Human Resource Development Planning with Special Reference to
Asia
Alexander V. Alex Human Capital Approach to Economic Development
Batra V P The Economic and Human Resources
ILO Employment Promotion with Special Reference to Rural Areas
George Toblas Human Resources in India
Gerold M.Meier Leading Issues in Economic Development
Gyan Chand Population in Perspective
World Bank World Development Report, 1991
Govindappa K Adult Education . Impact of National Literacy Mission
UNDP Human Development Report(s) 1998, 1999, 2000
Gupta, R.C. Management Information System, CBS Publishers and Distributors
Srinivasan R and Chunawalla S.A. Management Principles and Practices, Himalaya,1987
M.A. Rural Development: IV Semester
PAPER XIII: MICRO FINANCE, SELF-HELP AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
UNIT . 1
Micro Finance: Concept, Elements, Importance and Brief History . Sustainable
Community Banking . Role of Micro Finance in Poverty Reduction
Concept and Importance of Women Empowerment . National Policy for the
Empowerment of Women . Role of Micro Finance in Women Empowerment
UNIT . 2
Issues of Gender Equity in Rural areas . Practical and Strategic Needs of Women .
Concept and Significance of Gender Sensitization
Gender Mainstreaming for Empowerment: Essential elements . Empowerment versus
Sustainability
UNIT . 3
Self-help, Self-help Groups and Self-help Promotion: Concepts, Elements, Stages and
Significance . Structure of Self-help groups . Precautions to be taken while forming the
SHGs .Role of NGOs
Activities of SHGs: Savings, Credit, Marketing and Insurance - Crises faced by the SHG
members . Inability of SHGs to meet the needs relating to crises on account of health and
marriages . Role of Micro-savings and Micro-insurance
.
UNIT . 4
Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Assessment of Programmes undertaken by SHGs
Savings and Credit as an Instrument of Self-help promotion among Rural Women .
Experiences of GRAMEEN, SEWA and Rashtriya Mahila Khosh
BOOKS AND REFERENCES
Yunus M Rural Agricultural Credit Operations in Bangladesh
Fernandes AP The MYRADA Experience . Alternative Management
Systems for Saving and Credit of Rural Poor
Grameen Bank Various issues of Grameen Dialogue
Ila Bhat A Bank of One.s Own (A note from SEWA)
David Hume Finance Against Poverty
Susan Johnson and Micro Finance
Ben Rogally
Rajaskhar D Savings and Credit Systems of the Poor: Some NGO
Experiences, NOVIB and HIVOS
Rajasekhar D Poverty Alleviation Strategies of NGOs, Concept, 2004
Rajasekhar D Micro-Finance, Poverty Alleviation and
Empowerment ofWomen: A Study of Two NGOs
from Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, ISEC
Monograph No. 4, 2004.
D Rajasekhar andMahadeswaran, 'Economic and Social Benefits ofMicro-Finance
Programmes', in B B Bhattacharya and Arup Mitra (eds.)
Studies in Macroeconomic and Welfare, Academic
Foundation, New Delhi, 2005
James Copestske NGO Sponsorship of Group Lending in Rural India:
Theory and a Case Study
Hossain M Credit for Alleviation of Rural Poverty The Government
Banks in Bangladesh
Mancur Olson The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and Theory
of Groups
GTZ Unfolding Potentials for Self-help: Poverty Alleviation in
India
GTZ Strengthening of People and Organisations
Rajasekhar D & G Sreedhar Savings and Credit Programmes as an Instrument of Self-
Help Promotion
M.A. Rural Development: IV Semester
PAPER XIV - RURAL PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
UNIT . 1
Definition of Project - A Systems Model for Development Projects . Importance of
Project Approach to Rural Development - Need for and Scope of Project Management .
Project Planning and Management Cycle
ZOPP methods . Genesis . Concept . Project Cycle Management . Participatory Project
Cycle Management . Concept of Planning . Situational analysis and Identification of
needs . Participatory methods . Project strategy . Preparation of plan . Logical
Framework Analysis: Concept . Basic Principles . Steps in Constructing a Logical
Framework
UNIT . 2
Environment for Project Identification - Basic Steps in Project Identification . Selection
of Project Size, Location and Technology . Pre-feasibility Brief
Definition of Project Formulation - Elements of Project Formulation Technique - Project
Formulation and Development Planning in Indian Context - Systems Approach to
Formulation and Execution of Development Projects
UNIT . 3
Aspects of Project Appraisal . Technical Feasibility . Economic Feasibility . Financial
Feasibility . Discounted (Cash Flow) Measures of Project Worth: Benefit-Cost Ratio,
Net Present Worth and Internal Rate of Return . Sensitivity Analysis . Rationale and
Significance of Social Benefit-Cost Analysis
Project Finance . Sources of Capital . Government Policy Initiatives . Capital Market as
a Financing Option . Loans from Financial Institutions and Banks . Foreign Currency
Financing . Financing Decision
UNIT . 4
Essentials of Project Implementation Planning . Monitoring of Development Projects .
Progress Monitoring and Process Monitoring . Process Monitoring for Improving
Sustainability . Project Management Information System . PAID Monitoring System
for Poverty Reduction Programmes - Network Techniques for Project Management:
PERT and CPM
Project Evaluation . Types of Evaluation: Concurrent and Summative . Impact
Assessment: Baseline, Midline and End of Project Evaluation . Participatory Planning
Monitoring and Evaluation (PPME): Methodologies and Approaches
BOOKS & REFFERENCES:
Bava D.S. Rural Project Planning
Cleland D.I. Systems Analysis and Project Management
Price Gittinger Economic Analysis of Agricultural Projects
Little IMD & J.A.Mirrlees Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries
United Nations Industrial Guidelines for Project Evaluation
Development Organization
Prasanna Chandra Projects - Preparation, Appraisal and Implementation
Pitale R.L. Project Appraisal Technique
Randolph W Effective Project Planning and Management: Getting the
Job Done
Chowdhary S Project Management
Mridula Krishna Project Planning in India
Peter Smith Agricultural Project Management - Monitoring and Control
of Implementation
Rajasekhar D Project Cycle Management and ZOPP methods
Rajasekhar D Action Research for Poverty Alleviation, ISEC Working
Paper Series, Working Paper No.111, 2002.
M.A. Rural Development: IV Semester
PAPER XV - RURAL MARKETS IN INDIA
UNIT . 1
Rural Credit Markets: Nature and Significance of Rural Credit . Sources of Rural Credit:
Institutional and Non-Institutional . Cost of Credit . Rural Indebtedness: Extent, Causes
and Consequences
Institutional Credit for Rural Development . Role of NABARD . Role of Cooperative
Credit Institutions . Role of Commercial Banks . Role of Regional Rural Banks .
Functioning of Lead Bank Scheme
UNIT . 2
Input Markets: Sources of Input Supply . Government and Private Sources . Seed,
Fertilizer and Plant Protection Chemicals . Problems Confronted by the Farmers in
Obtaining and in using of Inputs . Developing Efficient Input Markets
Role of National Seed Corporation and State Seed Corporation . Role of Research and
Development Institutions in promoting genetically improved varieties . Significance of
Community based Initiatives in overcoming Input Shortages
UNIT .3
CommodityMarkets: Nature and Scope of Rural Marketing - Problems of Transportation,
Grading, Storage and Warehousing - Marketing Information - Channels of Marketing
Information - Marketing cost - Methods of measuring marketing cost . Minimum
Support Prices for Agricultural Commodities
Classification of Commodity Markets: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Markets .
Interlocking of Credit and CommodityMarkets - Institutional Arrangements for Rural
Marketing: Regulated Markets . Pledge Finance Scheme . Cooperative Marketing
System - National Council of State Agricultural Marketing Boards
UNIT . 4
Implications of Globalization for Indian Agriculture: World Trade Organization . Trade
Liberalization - Agricultural Protection and Subsidies in Developed Countries . Need for
Maintaining International Competitiveness in Commodity exports
Linking Commodity and Consumer Markets - Apni Mandi Scheme/ Rythu Bazars -
Higher Value Urban Markets . Linking Producers to Modern Supply Chains . Producer
Organizations in a context of Value chain and Globalization . Role of Corporate Sector
in Retail Marketing
BOOKS AND REFERENCES
Gupta A P Marketing of Agricultural Produce in India
Acharya S S & N.W.AgarwalAgricultural Marketing in India
Shamin Ahmed Rural Marketing in India
Saxena H M Rural Markets and Development
Sarap Kailas Inter Linked Agrarian Markets in Rural India
GOI Report of the National Commission on Agriculture - XII
Jagdish Prasad Various issues of Encyclopedia of Agricultural Marketing
Belshaw, H Agricultural Credit in Economically Underdeveloped
Countries
Desai, SSM Rural Banking in India
Khusro, AM Agricultural Credit Review Committee Report
Bhaskar K .Need for Linking of Regulated Markets with Cooperative
Marketing Societies. Cooperator, Aug 1989.
Bhaskar K .Streamlining the Regulated Market System., Kurukshetra,
Aug 1994
World Bank World Development Report, 2008
M.A. Rural Development: IV Semester
PAPER XVI. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
UNIT . 1
Concept of Voluntary Action . Non Governmental Organizations: Concept, Structure and
Functions . NGOs and Development Functionaries . Distinction between Voluntary
Organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations . Role of NGOs in Rural
Development
Interface Between NGOs and GOs: Need and Strategies . Sustainability of Interventions
. Role Transformation of NGOs and Withdrawal Strategies
UNIT . 2
Registration of NGOs . Societies Registration Act of 2001 . Memorandum of
Association . Rules and Regulations . Executive Committee . Powers . Duties . Tenure
of Office . Funds . Income Tax Exemptions . Winding-up of NGOs
NGO Registration under Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) . Guidelines and
Procedure
UNIT . 3
Corporate Sector and Rural Development . Corporate Social Responsibility . Case
Studies of Byrraju Foundation and Reddy Labs (Activities in different spheres:
Education, Health, Agriculture and Service sectors)
Funding agencies for NGOs . CAPART . Central Social Welfare Board . State Social
Welfare Board . Other Central and State Government Departments . International Donor
agencies: DFID . NOVIB . HIVOS . Family Health International . Alliance India
International
UNIT . 4
Rural Development Trust: Community Health . Education . Women Empowerment .
Disabilities Sector . Income Generating programmes . Ecology . Desert Proofing
M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation . Eco-Farming and Integrated Farming
Ralegaon Sidhi . Leadership and the Peoples Initiatives
MV Foundation . Child Labour and Women Rights
BOOKS AND REFERENCES
Profiles, Annual Reports and Evaluation Reports of all the Institutions Covered in the
Syllabus
CAPART Manual
The Hindu Survey of Environment 1993, 1194, 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998
The Hindu Survey of Agriculture 1993, 1194, 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998
John Farrington Reluctant Partners? Non-governmental Organisations, the
State and Sustainable Agricultural Development
John Farrington Non-governmental Organisations and the State in Asia:
Rethinking Roles in Sustainable Agricultural Development
Mark A Robinson Evaluating the Impact of NGOs in Rural Poverty
Alleviation: Indian country study, Overseas Development
Institute, London
Rajasekhar D, M.K.Bhat & People Centred Rural Development . NGOs and
Neil Webster Decentralized Government
Verma R K Hindu Swaraj Trust
